| Home | Libraries | People | FAQ | More

## Chapter 29. Boost.Predef 1.10

### Rene Rivera

Copyright © 2005-2019 Rene Rivera

Copyright © 2015 Charly Chevalier

Copyright © 2015 Joel Falcou

Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

## Introduction

This library defines a set of compiler, architecture, operating system, library, and other version numbers from the information it can gather of C, C++, Objective C, and Objective C++ predefined macros or those defined in generally available headers. The idea for this library grew out of a proposal to extend the Boost Config library to provide more, and consistent, information than the feature definitions it supports. What follows is an edited version of that brief proposal.

#### Proposal

The idea is to define a set of macros to identify compilers and consistently represent their version. This includes:

- A unique BOOST_VERSION_NUMBER(major,minor,patch) macro to specify version numbers (unfortunately, the name BOOST_VERSION is already taken to designate the version number of boost itself).
- A compiler identification macro, suitable for use in `#if`/`#elif` directives, for each of the supported compilers. All macros would be defined, regardless of the compiler. The one macro corresponding to the compiler being used would be defined, in terms of BOOST_VERSION_NUMBER, to carry the exact compiler version. All other macros would expand to an expression evaluating to false (for instance, the token 0) to indicate that the corresponding compiler is not present.
- "Null values" could be set, for all macros, in boost/config/select_compiler.hpp; then, for each compiler the corresponding identification macro would be #undef and re-#defined in the corresponding boost/compiler/(cc).hpp; however in the context of the Boost.Config infrastructure using a "prefix" header (to be introduced) or boost/config/suffix.hpp is a better solution.

#### Current Library

The current Predef library is now, both an independent library, and expanded in scope. It includes detection and definition of architectures, compilers, languages, libraries, operating systems, and endianness. The key benefits are:

- Version numbers that are always defined so that one doesn't have to guard with `#ifdef`.
- Guard macros that can be used for `#ifdef` checks.
- All possible definitions are included with the single `#include <boost/predef.h>` so that it's friendly to precompiled header usage.
- Specific definitions can be included, ex. `#include <boost/predef/os/windows.h>` for single checks.
- Predefs can be directly used in both preprocessor and compiler expressions for comparison to other similarly defined values.
- The headers are usable from multiple languages, that support the C preprocessor. In particular C++, C, Objective C, and Objective C++.

#### Design choices

An important design choice concerns how to represent compiler versions by means of a single integer number suitable for use in preprocessing directives. Let's do some calculation. The "basic" signed type for preprocessing constant-expressions is long in C90 (and C++, as of 2006) and intmax_t in C99. The type long shall at least be able to represent the number `+2 147 483 647`. This means the most significant digit can only be 0, 1 or 2; and if we want all decimal digits to be able to vary between 0 and 9, the largest range we can consider is `[0, 999 999 999]`. Distributing evenly, this means 3 decimal digits for each version number part.

So we can:

1. use an uneven distribution or
2. use more bits (a larger type) or
3. use 3/3/3 and have the particular compiler/platform/stdlib deal with setting the numbers within the 3-digit range.

It appears relatively safe to go for the first option and set it at 2/2/5. That covers CodeWarrior and others, which are up to and past 10 for the major number. Some compilers use the build number in lieu of the patch one; five digits (which is already reached by VC++ 8) seems a reasonable limit even in this case.

| Note
A 2/2/6 scheme would allow for bigger patch/build numbers at the cost, for instance, of limiting the major version number to 20 (or, with further constraints, to 21).

It might reassure the reader that this decision is actually encoded in one place in the code; the definition of `BOOST_VERSION_NUMBER`.

#### Future work

Even though the basics of this library are done, there is much work that can be done:

- Right now we limit the detection of libraries to known built-in predefined macros, and to guaranteed to exist system and library headers. It might be interesting to add something like auto-configuration predefs. This way we can add definitions for user specific libraries and features.
- Along with the above, it might be good to add some user control as to which headers are included with the top-level header. Although in the current form of the library this is less of an issue as one can include the specific headers one needs.
- Additionally, even if there is no auto-configure style option.. It would be good to add optionally included headers so that user can get consistent version number definitions for libraries they use.
- And obviously there's lots of work to do in reformulating the existing Boost libraries to use the Predef library.
- And there's the continuing work of adding definitions for present and future compilers, platforms, architectures, languages, and libraries.