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## Class template treap_algorithms

boost::intrusive::treap_algorithms

## Synopsis

    // In header: <boost/intrusive/treap_algorithms.hpp>

    template<typename NodeTraits>
    class treap_algorithms {
    public:
      // types
      typedef NodeTraits                 node_traits;
      typedef NodeTraits::node           node;
      typedef NodeTraits::node_ptr       node_ptr;
      typedef NodeTraits::const_node_ptr const_node_ptr;

      // member classes/structs/unions

      struct insert_commit_data {
      };

      // public static functions
      static node_ptr begin_node(const_node_ptr);
      static node_ptr end_node(const_node_ptr);
      static void swap_tree(node_ptr, node_ptr);
      static void swap_nodes(node_ptr, node_ptr);
      static void swap_nodes(node_ptr, node_ptr, node_ptr, node_ptr);
      static void replace_node(node_ptr, node_ptr);
      static void replace_node(node_ptr, node_ptr, node_ptr);
      template<typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
        static void unlink(node_ptr, NodePtrPriorityCompare);
      static node_ptr unlink_leftmost_without_rebalance(node_ptr);
      static bool unique(const_node_ptr);
      static std::size_t count(const_node_ptr);
      static std::size_t size(const_node_ptr);
      static node_ptr next_node(node_ptr);
      static node_ptr prev_node(node_ptr);
      static void init(node_ptr);
      static void init_header(node_ptr);
      template<typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
        static node_ptr erase(node_ptr, node_ptr, NodePtrPriorityCompare);
      template<typename Cloner, typename Disposer>
        static void clone(const_node_ptr, node_ptr, Cloner, Disposer);
      template<typename Disposer>
        static void clear_and_dispose(node_ptr, Disposer);
      template<typename KeyType, typename KeyNodePtrCompare>
        static node_ptr
        lower_bound(const_node_ptr, const KeyType &, KeyNodePtrCompare);
      template<typename KeyType, typename KeyNodePtrCompare>
        static node_ptr
        upper_bound(const_node_ptr, const KeyType &, KeyNodePtrCompare);
      template<typename KeyType, typename KeyNodePtrCompare>
        static node_ptr find(const_node_ptr, const KeyType &, KeyNodePtrCompare);
      template<typename KeyType, typename KeyNodePtrCompare>
        static std::pair< node_ptr, node_ptr >
        equal_range(const_node_ptr, const KeyType &, KeyNodePtrCompare);
      template<typename NodePtrCompare, typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
        static node_ptr
        insert_equal_upper_bound(node_ptr, node_ptr, NodePtrCompare,
                                 NodePtrPriorityCompare);
      template<typename NodePtrCompare, typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
        static node_ptr
        insert_equal_lower_bound(node_ptr, node_ptr, NodePtrCompare,
                                 NodePtrPriorityCompare);
      template<typename NodePtrCompare, typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
        static node_ptr
        insert_equal(node_ptr, node_ptr, node_ptr, NodePtrCompare,
                     NodePtrPriorityCompare);
      template<typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
        static node_ptr
        insert_before(node_ptr, node_ptr, node_ptr, NodePtrPriorityCompare);
      template<typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
        static void push_back(node_ptr, node_ptr, NodePtrPriorityCompare);
      template<typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
        static void push_front(node_ptr, node_ptr, NodePtrPriorityCompare);
      template<typename KeyType, typename KeyNodePtrCompare,
               typename KeyNodePtrPrioCompare>
        static std::pair< node_ptr, bool >
        insert_unique_check(const_node_ptr, const KeyType &, KeyNodePtrCompare,
                            KeyNodePtrPrioCompare, insert_commit_data &);
      template<typename KeyType, typename KeyNodePtrCompare,
               typename KeyNodePtrPrioCompare>
        static std::pair< node_ptr, bool >
        insert_unique_check(const_node_ptr, node_ptr, const KeyType &,
                            KeyNodePtrCompare, KeyNodePtrPrioCompare,
                            insert_commit_data &);
      static void insert_unique_commit(node_ptr, node_ptr,
                                       const insert_commit_data &);
      static node_ptr get_header(node_ptr);
    };

## Description

treap_algorithms provides basic algorithms to manipulate nodes forming a treap.

(1) the header node is maintained with links not only to the root but also to the leftmost node of the tree, to enable constant time begin(), and to the rightmost node of the tree, to enable linear time performance when used with the generic set algorithms (set_union, etc.);

(2) when a node being deleted has two children its successor node is relinked into its place, rather than copied, so that the only pointers invalidated are those referring to the deleted node.

treap_algorithms is configured with a NodeTraits class, which encapsulates the information about the node to be manipulated. NodeTraits must support the following interface:

Typedefs:

`node`: The type of the node that forms the circular list

`node_ptr`: A pointer to a node

`const_node_ptr`: A pointer to a const node

Static functions:

`static node_ptr get_parent(const_node_ptr n);`

`static void set_parent(node_ptr n, node_ptr parent);`

`static node_ptr get_left(const_node_ptr n);`

`static void set_left(node_ptr n, node_ptr left);`

`static node_ptr get_right(const_node_ptr n);`

`static void set_right(node_ptr n, node_ptr right);`

### `treap_algorithms` public static functions

1.     static node_ptr begin_node(const_node_ptr header);

2.     static node_ptr end_node(const_node_ptr header);

3.     static void swap_tree(node_ptr header1, node_ptr header2);

   Requires: header1 and header2 must be the header nodes of two trees.

   Effects: Swaps two trees. After the function header1 will contain links to the second tree and header2 will have links to the first tree.

   Complexity: Constant.

   Throws: Nothing.

4.     static void swap_nodes(node_ptr node1, node_ptr node2);

   Requires: node1 and node2 can't be header nodes of two trees.

   Effects: Swaps two nodes. After the function node1 will be inserted in the position node2 before the function. node2 will be inserted in the position node1 had before the function.

   Complexity: Logarithmic.

   Throws: Nothing.

   Note: This function will break container ordering invariants if node1 and node2 are not equivalent according to the ordering rules.

   Experimental function

5.     static void swap_nodes(node_ptr node1, node_ptr header1, node_ptr node2,
                              node_ptr header2);

   Requires: node1 and node2 can't be header nodes of two trees with header header1 and header2.

   Effects: Swaps two nodes. After the function node1 will be inserted in the position node2 before the function. node2 will be inserted in the position node1 had before the function.

   Complexity: Constant.

   Throws: Nothing.

   Note: This function will break container ordering invariants if node1 and node2 are not equivalent according to the ordering rules.

   Experimental function

6.     static void replace_node(node_ptr node_to_be_replaced, node_ptr new_node);

   Requires: node_to_be_replaced must be inserted in a tree and new_node must not be inserted in a tree.

   Effects: Replaces node_to_be_replaced in its position in the tree with new_node. The tree does not need to be rebalanced

   Complexity: Logarithmic.

   Throws: Nothing.

   Note: This function will break container ordering invariants if new_node is not equivalent to node_to_be_replaced according to the ordering rules. This function is faster than erasing and inserting the node, since no rebalancing and comparison is needed.

   Experimental function

7.     static void replace_node(node_ptr node_to_be_replaced, node_ptr header,
                                node_ptr new_node);

   Requires: node_to_be_replaced must be inserted in a tree with header "header" and new_node must not be inserted in a tree.

   Effects: Replaces node_to_be_replaced in its position in the tree with new_node. The tree does not need to be rebalanced

   Complexity: Constant.

   Throws: Nothing.

   Note: This function will break container ordering invariants if new_node is not equivalent to node_to_be_replaced according to the ordering rules. This function is faster than erasing and inserting the node, since no rebalancing or comparison is needed.

   Experimental function

8.     template<typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
         static void unlink(node_ptr node, NodePtrPriorityCompare pcomp);

   Requires: node is a tree node but not the header.

   Effects: Unlinks the node and rebalances the tree.

   Complexity: Average complexity is constant time.

   Throws: If "pcomp" throws, strong guarantee

9.     static node_ptr unlink_leftmost_without_rebalance(node_ptr header);

   Requires: header is the header of a tree.

   Effects: Unlinks the leftmost node from the tree, and updates the header link to the new leftmost node.

   Complexity: Average complexity is constant time.

   Throws: Nothing.

   Notes: This function breaks the tree and the tree can only be used for more unlink_leftmost_without_rebalance calls. This function is normally used to achieve a step by step controlled destruction of the tree.

10.     static bool unique(const_node_ptr node);

    Requires: node is a node of the tree or an node initialized by init(...).

    Effects: Returns true if the node is initialized by init().

    Complexity: Constant time.

    Throws: Nothing.

11.     static std::size_t count(const_node_ptr node);

    Requires: node is a node of the tree but it's not the header.

    Effects: Returns the number of nodes of the subtree.

    Complexity: Linear time.

    Throws: Nothing.

12.     static std::size_t size(const_node_ptr header);

    Requires: header is the header node of the tree.

    Effects: Returns the number of nodes above the header.

    Complexity: Linear time.

    Throws: Nothing.

13.     static node_ptr next_node(node_ptr p);

    Requires: p is a node from the tree except the header.

    Effects: Returns the next node of the tree.

    Complexity: Average constant time.

    Throws: Nothing.

14.     static node_ptr prev_node(node_ptr p);

    Requires: p is a node from the tree except the leftmost node.

    Effects: Returns the previous node of the tree.

    Complexity: Average constant time.

    Throws: Nothing.

15.     static void init(node_ptr node);

    Requires: node must not be part of any tree.

    Effects: After the function unique(node) == true.

    Complexity: Constant.

    Throws: Nothing.

    Nodes: If node is inserted in a tree, this function corrupts the tree.

16.     static void init_header(node_ptr header);

    Requires: node must not be part of any tree.

    Effects: Initializes the header to represent an empty tree. unique(header) == true.

    Complexity: Constant.

    Throws: Nothing.

    Nodes: If node is inserted in a tree, this function corrupts the tree.

17.     template<typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
          static node_ptr
          erase(node_ptr header, node_ptr z, NodePtrPriorityCompare pcomp);

    Requires: header must be the header of a tree, z a node of that tree and z != header.

    Effects: Erases node "z" from the tree with header "header".

    Complexity: Amortized constant time.

    Throws: If "pcomp" throws, strong guarantee.

18.     template<typename Cloner, typename Disposer>
          static void clone(const_node_ptr source_header, node_ptr target_header,
                            Cloner cloner, Disposer disposer);

    Requires: "cloner" must be a function object taking a node_ptr and returning a new cloned node of it. "disposer" must take a node_ptr and shouldn't throw.

    Effects: First empties target tree calling `void disposer::operator()(node_ptr)` for every node of the tree except the header.

    Then, duplicates the entire tree pointed by "source_header" cloning each source node with `node_ptr Cloner::operator()(node_ptr)` to obtain the nodes of the target tree. If "cloner" throws, the cloned target nodes are disposed using `void disposer(node_ptr)`.

    Complexity: Linear to the number of element of the source tree plus the. number of elements of tree target tree when calling this function.

    Throws: If cloner functor throws. If this happens target nodes are disposed.

19.     template<typename Disposer>
          static void clear_and_dispose(node_ptr header, Disposer disposer);

    Requires: "disposer" must be an object function taking a node_ptr parameter and shouldn't throw.

    Effects: Empties the target tree calling `void disposer::operator()(node_ptr)` for every node of the tree except the header.

    Complexity: Linear to the number of element of the source tree plus the. number of elements of tree target tree when calling this function.

    Throws: If cloner functor throws. If this happens target nodes are disposed.

20.     template<typename KeyType, typename KeyNodePtrCompare>
          static node_ptr
          lower_bound(const_node_ptr header, const KeyType & key,
                      KeyNodePtrCompare comp);

    Requires: "header" must be the header node of a tree. KeyNodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the the tree. KeyNodePtrCompare can compare KeyType with tree's node_ptrs.

    Effects: Returns an node_ptr to the first element that is not less than "key" according to "comp" or "header" if that element does not exist.

    Complexity: Logarithmic.

    Throws: If "comp" throws.

21.     template<typename KeyType, typename KeyNodePtrCompare>
          static node_ptr
          upper_bound(const_node_ptr header, const KeyType & key,
                      KeyNodePtrCompare comp);

    Requires: "header" must be the header node of a tree. KeyNodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the the tree. KeyNodePtrCompare can compare KeyType with tree's node_ptrs.

    Effects: Returns an node_ptr to the first element that is greater than "key" according to "comp" or "header" if that element does not exist.

    Complexity: Logarithmic.

    Throws: If "comp" throws.

22.     template<typename KeyType, typename KeyNodePtrCompare>
          static node_ptr
          find(const_node_ptr header, const KeyType & key, KeyNodePtrCompare comp);

    Requires: "header" must be the header node of a tree. KeyNodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the the tree. KeyNodePtrCompare can compare KeyType with tree's node_ptrs.

    Effects: Returns an node_ptr to the element that is equivalent to "key" according to "comp" or "header" if that element does not exist.

    Complexity: Logarithmic.

    Throws: If "comp" throws.

23.     template<typename KeyType, typename KeyNodePtrCompare>
          static std::pair< node_ptr, node_ptr >
          equal_range(const_node_ptr header, const KeyType & key,
                      KeyNodePtrCompare comp);

    Requires: "header" must be the header node of a tree. KeyNodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the the tree. KeyNodePtrCompare can compare KeyType with tree's node_ptrs.

    Effects: Returns an a pair of node_ptr delimiting a range containing all elements that are equivalent to "key" according to "comp" or an empty range that indicates the position where those elements would be if they there are no equivalent elements.

    Complexity: Logarithmic.

    Throws: If "comp" throws.

24.     template<typename NodePtrCompare, typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
          static node_ptr
          insert_equal_upper_bound(node_ptr h, node_ptr new_node, NodePtrCompare comp,
                                   NodePtrPriorityCompare pcomp);

    Requires: "h" must be the header node of a tree. NodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the the tree. NodePtrCompare compares two node_ptrs. NodePtrPriorityCompare is a priority function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the one used to create the the tree. NodePtrPriorityCompare compares two node_ptrs.

    Effects: Inserts new_node into the tree before the upper bound according to "comp" and rotates the tree according to "pcomp".

    Complexity: Average complexity for insert element is at most logarithmic.

    Throws: If "comp" throw or "pcomp" throw.

25.     template<typename NodePtrCompare, typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
          static node_ptr
          insert_equal_lower_bound(node_ptr h, node_ptr new_node, NodePtrCompare comp,
                                   NodePtrPriorityCompare pcomp);

    Requires: "h" must be the header node of a tree. NodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the the tree. NodePtrCompare compares two node_ptrs. NodePtrPriorityCompare is a priority function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the one used to create the the tree. NodePtrPriorityCompare compares two node_ptrs.

    Effects: Inserts new_node into the tree before the upper bound according to "comp" and rotates the tree according to "pcomp".

    Complexity: Average complexity for insert element is at most logarithmic.

    Throws: If "comp" throws.

26.     template<typename NodePtrCompare, typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
          static node_ptr
          insert_equal(node_ptr h, node_ptr hint, node_ptr new_node,
                       NodePtrCompare comp, NodePtrPriorityCompare pcomp);

    Requires: "header" must be the header node of a tree. NodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the the tree. NodePtrCompare compares two node_ptrs. "hint" is node from the "header"'s tree. NodePtrPriorityCompare is a priority function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the one used to create the the tree. NodePtrPriorityCompare compares two node_ptrs.

    Effects: Inserts new_node into the tree, using "hint" as a hint to where it will be inserted. If "hint" is the upper_bound the insertion takes constant time (two comparisons in the worst case). Rotates the tree according to "pcomp".

    Complexity: Logarithmic in general, but it is amortized constant time if new_node is inserted immediately before "hint".

    Throws: If "comp" throw or "pcomp" throw.

27.     template<typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
          static node_ptr
          insert_before(node_ptr header, node_ptr pos, node_ptr new_node,
                        NodePtrPriorityCompare pcomp);

    Requires: "header" must be the header node of a tree. "pos" must be a valid node of the tree (including header end) node. "pos" must be a node pointing to the successor to "new_node" once inserted according to the order of already inserted nodes. This function does not check "pos" and this precondition must be guaranteed by the caller. NodePtrPriorityCompare is a priority function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the one used to create the the tree. NodePtrPriorityCompare compares two node_ptrs.

    Effects: Inserts new_node into the tree before "pos" and rotates the tree according to "pcomp".

    Complexity: Constant-time.

    Throws: If "pcomp" throws, strong guarantee.

    Note: If "pos" is not the successor of the newly inserted "new_node" tree invariants might be broken.

28.     template<typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
          static void push_back(node_ptr header, node_ptr new_node,
                                NodePtrPriorityCompare pcomp);

    Requires: "header" must be the header node of a tree. "new_node" must be, according to the used ordering no less than the greatest inserted key. NodePtrPriorityCompare is a priority function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the one used to create the the tree. NodePtrPriorityCompare compares two node_ptrs.

    Effects: Inserts x into the tree in the last position and rotates the tree according to "pcomp".

    Complexity: Constant-time.

    Throws: If "pcomp" throws, strong guarantee.

    Note: If "new_node" is less than the greatest inserted key tree invariants are broken. This function is slightly faster than using "insert_before".

29.     template<typename NodePtrPriorityCompare>
          static void push_front(node_ptr header, node_ptr new_node,
                                 NodePtrPriorityCompare pcomp);

    Requires: "header" must be the header node of a tree. "new_node" must be, according to the used ordering, no greater than the lowest inserted key. NodePtrPriorityCompare is a priority function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the one used to create the the tree. NodePtrPriorityCompare compares two node_ptrs.

    Effects: Inserts x into the tree in the first position and rotates the tree according to "pcomp".

    Complexity: Constant-time.

    Throws: If "pcomp" throws, strong guarantee.

    Note: If "new_node" is greater than the lowest inserted key tree invariants are broken. This function is slightly faster than using "insert_before".

30.     template<typename KeyType, typename KeyNodePtrCompare,
                 typename KeyNodePtrPrioCompare>
          static std::pair< node_ptr, bool >
          insert_unique_check(const_node_ptr header, const KeyType & key,
                              KeyNodePtrCompare comp, KeyNodePtrPrioCompare pcomp,
                              insert_commit_data & commit_data);

    Requires: "header" must be the header node of a tree. KeyNodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the the tree. NodePtrCompare compares KeyType with a node_ptr.

    Effects: Checks if there is an equivalent node to "key" in the tree according to "comp" and obtains the needed information to realize a constant-time node insertion if there is no equivalent node.

    Returns: If there is an equivalent value returns a pair containing a node_ptr to the already present node and false. If there is not equivalent key can be inserted returns true in the returned pair's boolean and fills "commit_data" that is meant to be used with the "insert_commit" function to achieve a constant-time insertion function.

    Complexity: Average complexity is at most logarithmic.

    Throws: If "comp" throws.

    Notes: This function is used to improve performance when constructing a node is expensive and the user does not want to have two equivalent nodes in the tree: if there is an equivalent value the constructed object must be discarded. Many times, the part of the node that is used to impose the order is much cheaper to construct than the node and this function offers the possibility to use that part to check if the insertion will be successful.

    If the check is successful, the user can construct the node and use "insert_commit" to insert the node in constant-time. This gives a total logarithmic complexity to the insertion: check(O(log(N)) + commit(O(1)).

    "commit_data" remains valid for a subsequent "insert_unique_commit" only if no more objects are inserted or erased from the set.

31.     template<typename KeyType, typename KeyNodePtrCompare,
                 typename KeyNodePtrPrioCompare>
          static std::pair< node_ptr, bool >
          insert_unique_check(const_node_ptr header, node_ptr hint,
                              const KeyType & key, KeyNodePtrCompare comp,
                              KeyNodePtrPrioCompare pcomp,
                              insert_commit_data & commit_data);

    Requires: "header" must be the header node of a tree. KeyNodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the the tree. NodePtrCompare compares KeyType with a node_ptr. "hint" is node from the "header"'s tree.

    Effects: Checks if there is an equivalent node to "key" in the tree according to "comp" using "hint" as a hint to where it should be inserted and obtains the needed information to realize a constant-time node insertion if there is no equivalent node. If "hint" is the upper_bound the function has constant time complexity (two comparisons in the worst case).

    Returns: If there is an equivalent value returns a pair containing a node_ptr to the already present node and false. If there is not equivalent key can be inserted returns true in the returned pair's boolean and fills "commit_data" that is meant to be used with the "insert_commit" function to achieve a constant-time insertion function.

    Complexity: Average complexity is at most logarithmic, but it is amortized constant time if new_node should be inserted immediately before "hint".

    Throws: If "comp" throws.

    Notes: This function is used to improve performance when constructing a node is expensive and the user does not want to have two equivalent nodes in the tree: if there is an equivalent value the constructed object must be discarded. Many times, the part of the node that is used to impose the order is much cheaper to construct than the node and this function offers the possibility to use that part to check if the insertion will be successful.

    If the check is successful, the user can construct the node and use "insert_commit" to insert the node in constant-time. This gives a total logarithmic complexity to the insertion: check(O(log(N)) + commit(O(1)).

    "commit_data" remains valid for a subsequent "insert_unique_commit" only if no more objects are inserted or erased from the set.

32.     static void insert_unique_commit(node_ptr header, node_ptr new_node,
                                         const insert_commit_data & commit_data);

    Requires: "header" must be the header node of a tree. "commit_data" must have been obtained from a previous call to "insert_unique_check". No objects should have been inserted or erased from the set between the "insert_unique_check" that filled "commit_data" and the call to "insert_commit".

    Effects: Inserts new_node in the set using the information obtained from the "commit_data" that a previous "insert_check" filled.

    Complexity: Constant time.

    Throws: Nothing.

    Notes: This function has only sense if a "insert_unique_check" has been previously executed to fill "commit_data". No value should be inserted or erased between the "insert_check" and "insert_commit" calls.

33.     static node_ptr get_header(node_ptr n);

    Requires: "n" must be a node inserted in a tree.

    Effects: Returns a pointer to the header node of the tree.

    Complexity: Logarithmic.

    Throws: Nothing.