[/==============================================================================
    Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Joel de Guzman, Dan Marsden, Tobias Schwinger

    Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
    License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
    http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
===============================================================================/]
[section Sequence]

Like __mpl__, the Sequence is a fundamental concept in Fusion. A Sequence
may or may not actually store or contain data. __containers__ are sequences
that hold data. __views__, on the other hand, are sequences that do not
store any data. Instead, they are proxies that impart an alternative
presentation over another sequence. All models of Sequence have an
associated __iterator__ type that can be used to iterate through the
Sequence's elements.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/sequence.hpp>

[section Concepts]

Fusion Sequences are organized into a hierarchy of concepts.

[heading Traversal]

Fusion's sequence traversal related concepts parallel Fusion's
__iterator_concepts__. __forward_sequence__ is the most basic concept.
__bidirectional_sequence__ is a refinement of __forward_sequence__.
__random_access_sequence__ is a refinement of __bidirectional_sequence__.
These concepts pertain to sequence traversal.

[heading Associativity]

The __associative_sequence__ concept is orthogonal to traversal. An Associative
Sequence allows efficient retrieval of elements based on keys.

[section Forward Sequence]

[heading Description]

A Forward Sequence is a Sequence whose elements are arranged in a definite
order. The ordering is guaranteed not to change from iteration to
iteration. The requirement of a definite ordering allows the definition of
element-by-element equality (if the container's element type is Equality
Comparable) and of lexicographical ordering (if the container's element
type is LessThan Comparable).

[variablelist Notation
    [[`s`]       [A Forward Sequence]]
    [[`S`]       [A Forward Sequence type]]
    [[`o`]       [An arbitrary object]]
    [[`e`]       [A Sequence element]]
]

[heading Valid Expressions]

For any Forward Sequence the following expressions must be valid:

[table
    [[Expression]       [Return type]               [Type Requirements]     [Runtime Complexity]]
    [[`__begin__(s)`]       [__forward_iterator__]      []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__end__(s)`]         [__forward_iterator__]      []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__size__(s)`]        [__mpl_integral_constant__.
                        Convertible to int.]        []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__empty__(s)`]       [__mpl_boolean_constant__.
                        Convertible to bool.]       []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__front__(s)`]       [Any type]                  []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__front__(s) = o`]   [Any type]                  [`s` is mutable and
                                                    `e = o`, where `e`
                                                    is the first element
                                                    in the sequence, is
                                                    a valid expression.]    [Constant]]
]

[heading Result Type Expressions]

[table
    [[Expression]                   [Compile Time Complexity]]
    [[`__result_of_begin__<S>::type`]  [Amortized constant time]]
    [[`__result_of_end__<S>::type`]    [Amortized constant time]]
    [[`__result_of_size__<S>::type`]   [Unspecified]]
    [[`__result_of_empty__<S>::type`]  [Constant time]]
    [[`__result_of_front__<S>::type`]  [Amortized constant time]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

[table
    [[Expression]       [Semantics]]
    [[`__begin__(s)`]       [An iterator to the first element of the sequence; see __begin__.]]
    [[`__end__(s)`]         [A past-the-end iterator to the sequence; see __end__.]]
    [[`__size__(s)`]        [The size of the sequence; see __size__.]]
    [[`__empty__(s)`]       [A boolean Integral Constant `c` such that
                        `c::value == true` if and only if the sequence
                        is empty; see __empty__.]]
    [[`__front__(s)`]       [The first element in the sequence; see __front__.]]
]

[heading Invariants]

For any Forward Sequence s the following invariants always hold:

* `[__begin__(s), __end__(s))` is always a valid range.
* An __algorithm__ that iterates through the range `[__begin__(s), __end__(s))`
  will pass through every element of `s` exactly once.
* `__begin__(s)` is identical to `__end__(s))` if and only if `s` is empty.
* Two different iterations through `s` will access its elements in
  the same order.

[heading Models]

* __std_pair__
* __boost_array__
* __vector__
* __cons__
* __list__
* __set__
* __map__
* __single_view__
* __filter_view__
* __iterator_range__
* __joint_view__
* __transform_view__
* __reverse_view__
* __zip_view__

[endsect]

[section Bidirectional Sequence]

[heading Description]

A Bidirectional Sequence is a __forward_sequence__ whose iterators model
__bidirectional_iterator__.

[heading Refinement of]

__forward_sequence__

[variablelist Notation
    [[`s`]       [A Forward Sequence]]
    [[`S`]       [A Forward Sequence type]]
    [[`o`]       [An arbitrary object]]
    [[`e`]       [A Sequence element]]
]

[heading Valid Expressions]

In addition to the requirements defined in __forward_sequence__, for any
Bidirectional Sequence the following must be met:

[table
    [[Expression]       [Return type]                   [Type Requirements]     [Runtime Complexity]]
    [[`__begin__(s)`]       [__bidirectional_iterator__]    []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__end__(s)`]         [__bidirectional_iterator__]    []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__back__(s)`]        [Any type]                      []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__back__(s) = o`]    [Any type]                      [`s` is mutable and
                                                        `e = o`, where `e`
                                                        is the first element
                                                        in the sequence, is
                                                        a valid expression.]    [Constant]]
]

[heading Result Type Expressions]

[table
    [[Expression]                   [Compile Time Complexity]]
    [[`__result_of_begin__<S>::type`]  [Amortized constant time]]
    [[`__result_of_end__<S>::type`]    [Amortized constant time]]
    [[`__result_of_back__<S>::type`]   [Amortized constant time]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

The semantics of an expression are defined only where they differ from, or
are not defined in __forward_sequence__.

[table
    [[Expression]       [Semantics]]
    [[`__back__(s)`]        [The last element in the sequence; see __back__.]]
]

[heading Models]

* __std_pair__
* __boost_array__
* __vector__
* __reverse_view__
* __iterator_range__ (where adapted sequence is a Bidirectional Sequence)
* __transform_view__ (where adapted sequence is a Bidirectional Sequence)
* __zip_view__       (where adapted sequences are models Bidirectional Sequence)

[endsect]

[section Random Access Sequence]

[heading Description]

A Random Access Sequence is a __bidirectional_sequence__ whose iterators
model __random_access_iterator__. It guarantees constant time access to
arbitrary sequence elements.

[heading Refinement of]

__bidirectional_sequence__

[variablelist Notation
    [[`s`]       [A Random Access Sequence]]
    [[`S`]       [A Random Access Sequence type]]
    [[`N`]       [An __mpl_integral_constant__]]
    [[`o`]       [An arbitrary object]]
    [[`e`]       [A Sequence element]]
]

[heading Valid Expressions]

In addition to the requirements defined in __bidirectional_sequence__, for
any Random Access Sequence the following must be met:

[table
    [[Expression]       [Return type]                   [Type Requirements]     [Runtime Complexity]]
    [[`__begin__(s)`]       [__random_access_iterator__]    []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__end__(s)`]         [__random_access_iterator__]    []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__at__<N>(s)`]       [Any type]                      []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__at__<N>(s) = o`]   [Any type]                      [`s` is mutable and
                                                        `e = o`, where `e`
                                                        is the first element
                                                        in the sequence, is
                                                        a valid expression.]    [Constant]]
]

[heading Result Type Expressions]

[table
    [[Expression]                           [Compile Time Complexity]]
    [[`__result_of_begin__<S>::type`]          [Amortized constant time]]
    [[`__result_of_end__<S>::type`]            [Amortized constant time]]
    [[`__result_of_at__<S, N>::type`]          [Amortized constant time]]
    [[`__result_of_value_at__<S, N>::type`]    [Amortized constant time]]
]

[blurb __note__ `__result_of_at__<S, N>` returns the actual type returned by
`__at__<N>(s)`. In most cases, this is a reference. Hence, there is no way to
know the exact element type using `__result_of_at__<S, N>`.The element at `N`
may actually be a reference to begin with. For this purpose, you can use
`__result_of_value_at__<S, N>`.]

[heading Expression Semantics]

The semantics of an expression are defined only where they differ from, or
are not defined in __bidirectional_sequence__.

[table
    [[Expression]       [Semantics]]
    [[`__at__<N>(s)`]       [The Nth element from the beginning of the sequence; see __at__.]]
]

[heading Models]

* __std_pair__
* __boost_array__
* __vector__
* __reverse_view__
* __iterator_range__ (where adapted sequence is a Random Access Sequence)
* __transform_view__ (where adapted sequence is a Random Access Sequence)
* __zip_view__       (where adapted sequences are models Random Access Sequence)

[endsect]

[section Associative Sequence]

[heading Description]

An Associative Sequence allows efficient retrieval of elements based on keys.
Like associative sequences in __mpl__, and unlike associative containers in
__stl__, Fusion associative sequences have no implied ordering relation.
Instead, type identity is used to impose an equivalence relation on keys, and
the order in which sequence elements are traversed during iteration is left
unspecified. In addition, unlike __stl__, Associative Sequences have mutable
iterators. This is due to the fact that there is no associated ordering relation
and the runtime value of the keys themselves do not have any effect on the
associativity of the sequence.


[variablelist Notation
    [[`s`]       [An Associative Sequence]]
    [[`S`]       [An Associative Sequence type]]
    [[`K`]       [An arbitrary /key/ type]]
    [[`o`]       [An arbitrary object]]
    [[`e`]       [A Sequence element]]
]

[heading Valid Expressions]

For any Associative Sequence the following expressions must be valid:

[table
    [[Expression]           [Return type]               [Type Requirements]     [Runtime Complexity]]
    [[`__has_key__<K>(s)`]      [__mpl_boolean_constant__.
                            Convertible to bool.]       []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__at_key__<K>(s)`]       [Any type]                  []                      [Constant]]
    [[`__at_key__<K>(s) = o`]   [Any type]                  [`s` is mutable and
                                                        `e = o`, where `e`
                                                        is the first element
                                                        in the sequence, is
                                                        a valid expression.]    [Constant]]
]

[heading Result Type Expressions]

[table
    [[Expression]                               [Compile Time Complexity]]
    [[`__result_of_has_key__<S, K>::type`]         [Amortized constant time]]
    [[`__result_of_at_key__<S, K>::type`]          [Amortized constant time]]
    [[`__result_of_value_at_key__<S, K>::type`]    [Amortized constant time]]
]

[blurb __note__ `__result_of_at_key__<S, K>` returns the actual type returned
by `__at_key__<K>(s)`. In most cases, this is a reference. Hence, there is no
way to know the exact element type using `__result_of_at_key__<S, K>`.The
element at `K` may actually be a reference to begin with. For this purpose,
you can use `__result_of_value_at_key__<S, N>`.]

[heading Expression Semantics]

[table
    [[Expression]       [Semantics]]
    [[`__has_key__<K>(s)`]  [A boolean Integral Constant `c` such that
                        `c::value == true` if and only if there is
                        one or more elements with the key `k` in `s`;
                        see __has_key__.]]
    [[`__at_key__<K>(s)`]   [The element associated with the key
                        `K` in the sequence `s`; see __at__.]]
]

[heading Models]

* __set__
* __map__

[endsect]

[endsect]

[section Intrinsic]

Intrinsic form the essential interface of every Fusion __sequence__. __stl__
counterparts of these functions are usually implemented as member
functions. Intrinsic functions, unlike __algorithms__, are not generic
across the full __sequence__ repertoire. They need to be implemented for
each Fusion __sequence__[footnote In practice, many of intrinsic functions
have default implementations that will work in majority of cases].

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/intrinsic.hpp>

[section Functions]

[section begin]

[heading Description]

Returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the sequence.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_begin__<Sequence>::type
    begin(Sequence& seq);

    template <typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_begin__<Sequence const>::type
    begin(Sequence const& seq);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                   [Description]]
    [[`seq`]        [Model of __forward_sequence__] [The sequence we wish to get an iterator from.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    begin(seq);

[*Return type]: __forward_iterator__ if `seq` is a __forward_sequence__
else, __bidirectional_iterator__ if `seq` is a __bidirectional_sequence__
else, __random_access_iterator__ if `seq` is a __random_access_sequence__.

[*Semantics]: Returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the sequence.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/begin.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/begin.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, int, int> v(1, 2, 3);
    assert(__deref__(begin(v)) == 1);

[endsect]

[section end]

[heading Description]

Returns an iterator pointing to one element past the end of the sequence.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_end__<Sequence>::type
    end(Sequence& seq);

    template <typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_end__<Sequence const>::type
    end(Sequence const& seq);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                   [Description]]
    [[`seq`]        [Model of __forward_sequence__] [The sequence we wish to get an iterator from.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    end(seq);

[*Return type]: __forward_iterator__ if `seq` is a __forward_sequence__
else, __bidirectional_iterator__ if `seq` is a __bidirectional_sequence__
else, __random_access_iterator__ if `seq` is a __random_access_sequence__.

[*Semantics]: Returns an iterator pointing to one element past the end of
the sequence.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/end.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/end.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, int, int> v(1, 2, 3);
    assert(__deref__(__prior__(end(v))) == 3);

[endsect]

[section empty]

[heading Description]

Returns a type convertible to `bool` that evaluates to `true` if the
sequence is empty, else, evaluates to `false`.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_empty__<Sequence>::type
    empty(Sequence const& seq);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                   [Description]]
    [[`seq`]        [Model of __forward_sequence__] [The sequence we wish to investigate.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    empty(seq);

[*Return type]: Convertible to `bool`.

[*Semantics]: Evaluates to `true` if the sequence is empty, else, evaluates
to `false`.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/empty.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/empty.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, int, int> v(1, 2, 3);
    assert(empty(v) == false);

[endsect]

[section front]

[heading Description]

Returns the first element in the sequence.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_front__<Sequence>::type
    front(Sequence& seq);

    template <typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_front__<Sequence const>::type
    front(Sequence const& seq);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                   [Description]]
    [[`seq`]        [Model of __forward_sequence__] [The sequence we wish to investigate.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    front(seq);

[*Return type]: Returns a reference to the first element in the sequence
`seq` if `seq` is mutable and `e = o`, where `e` is the first element in
the sequence, is a valid expression. Else, returns a type convertable to
the first element in the sequence.

[*Precondition]: `__empty__(seq) == false`

[*Semantics]: Returns the first element in the sequence.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/front.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/front.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, int, int> v(1, 2, 3);
    assert(front(v) == 1);

[endsect]

[section back]

[heading Description]

Returns the last element in the sequence.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_back__<Sequence>::type
    back(Sequence& seq);

    template <typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_back__<Sequence const>::type
    back(Sequence const& seq);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                           [Description]]
    [[`seq`]        [Model of __bidirectional_sequence__]   [The sequence we wish to investigate.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    back(seq);

[*Return type]: Returns a reference to the last element in the sequence
`seq` if `seq` is mutable and `e = o`, where `e` is the last element in the
sequence, is a valid expression. Else, returns a type convertable to the
last element in the sequence.

[*Precondition]: `__empty__(seq) == false`

[*Semantics]: Returns the last element in the sequence.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/back.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/back.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, int, int> v(1, 2, 3);
    assert(back(v) == 3);

[endsect]

[section size]

[heading Description]

Returns a type convertible to `int` that evaluates the number of elements
in the sequence.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_size__<Sequence>::type
    size(Sequence const& seq);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                   [Description]]
    [[`seq`]        [Model of __forward_sequence__] [The sequence we wish to investigate.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    size(seq);

[*Return type]: Convertible to `int`.

[*Semantics]: Returns the number of elements in the sequence.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/size.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/size.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, int, int> v(1, 2, 3);
    assert(size(v) == 3);

[endsect]

[section at]

[heading Description]

Returns the N-th element from the beginning of the sequence.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename N, typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_at__<Sequence, N>::type
    at(Sequence& seq);

    template <typename N, typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_at__<Sequence const, N>::type
    at(Sequence const& seq);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                           [Description]]
    [[`seq`]        [Model of __random_access_sequence__]   [The sequence we wish to investigate.]]
    [[`N`]          [An __mpl_integral_constant__]          [An index from the beginning of the
                                                             sequence.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    at<N>(seq);

[*Return type]: Returns a reference to the N-th element from the beginning
of the sequence `seq` if `seq` is mutable and `e = o`, where `e` is the N-th
element from the beginning of the sequence, is a valid expression. Else,
returns a type convertable to the N-th element from the beginning of the
sequence.

[*Precondition]: `0 <= N::value < __size__(s)`

[*Semantics]: Equivalent to

    __deref__(__advance__<N>(__begin__(s)))

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/at.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/at.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, int, int> v(1, 2, 3);
    assert(at<mpl::int_<1> >(v) == 2);

[endsect]

[section at_c]

[heading Description]

Returns the N-th element from the beginning of the sequence.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <int N, typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_at_c__<Sequence, N>::type
    at_c(Sequence& seq);

    template <int N, typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_at_c__<Sequence const, N>::type
    at_c(Sequence const& seq);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                           [Description]]
    [[`seq`]        [Model of __random_access_sequence__]   [The sequence we wish to investigate.]]
    [[`N`]          [An integral constant]                  [An index from the beginning of the
                                                             sequence.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    at_c<N>(seq);

[*Return type]: Returns a reference to the N-th element from the beginning
of the sequence `seq` if `seq` is mutable and `e = o`, where `e` is the N-th
element from the beginning of the sequence, is a valid expression. Else,
returns a type convertable to the N-th element from the beginning of the
sequence.

[*Precondition]: `0 <= N < __size__(s)`

[*Semantics]: Equivalent to

    __deref__(__advance__<N>(__begin__(s)))

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/at_c.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/at_c.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, int, int> v(1, 2, 3);
    assert(at_c<1>(v) == 2);

[endsect]

[section has_key]

[heading Description]

Returns a type convertible to `bool` that evaluates to `true` if the
sequence contains an element associated with a Key, else, evaluates to
`false`.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Key, typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_has_key__<Sequence, Key>::type
    has_key(Sequence const& seq);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                       [Description]]
    [[`seq`]        [Model of __associative_sequence__] [The sequence we wish to investigate.]]
    [[`Key`]        [Any type]                          [The queried key.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    has_key<Key>(seq);

[*Return type]: Convertible to `bool`.

[*Semantics]: Evaluates to `true` if the sequence contains an element
associated with Key, else, evaluates to `false`.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/has_key.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/has_key.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __set__<int, char, bool> s(1, 'x', true);
    assert(has_key<char>(s) == true);

[endsect]

[section at_key]

[heading Description]

Returns the element associated with a Key from the sequence.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Key, typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_at_key__<Sequence, Key>::type
    at_key(Sequence& seq);

    template <typename Key, typename Sequence>
    typename __result_of_at_key__<Sequence const, Key>::type
    at_key(Sequence const& seq);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                           [Description]]
    [[`seq`]        [Model of __associative_sequence__]     [The sequence we wish to investigate.]]
    [[`Key`]        [Any type]                              [The queried key.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    at_key<Key>(seq);

[*Return type]: Returns a reference to the element associated with Key from
the sequence `seq` if `seq` is mutable and `e = o`, where `e` is the
element associated with Key, is a valid expression. Else, returns a type
convertable to the element associated with Key.

[*Precondition]: `has_key<Key>(seq) == true`

[*Semantics]: Returns the element associated with Key.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/intrinsic/at_key.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/at_key.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __set__<int, char, bool> s(1, 'x', true);
    assert(at_key<char>(s) == 'x');

[endsect]

[section swap]

[heading Description]

Performs an element by element swap of the elements in 2 sequences.

[heading Synopsis]
    template<typename Seq1, typename Seq2>
    void swap(Seq1& seq1, Seq2& seq2);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameters]    [Requirement]                           [Description]]
    [[`seq1`, `seq2`]        [Models of __forward_sequence__][The sequences whos elements we wish to swap.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    swap(seq1, seq2);

[*Return type]: `void`

[*Precondition]: `__size__(seq1) == __size__(seq2)`

[*Semantics]: Calls `swap(a1, b1)` for corresponding elements in `seq1` and `seq2`.

/sequence/intrinsic/swap.hpp>

[heading Example]
    __vector__<int, std::string> v1(1, "hello"), v2(2, "world");
    swap(v1, v2);
    assert(v1 == __make_vector__(2, "world"));
    assert(v2 == __make_vector__(1, "hello"));

[endsect]

[endsect]

[section Metafunctions]

[section begin]

[heading Description]
Returns the result type of __begin__.

[heading Synopsis]
    template<typename Seq>
    struct begin
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::begin<Seq>::type

[*Return type]: An iterator modelling the same traversal concept as `Seq`.

[*Semantics]: Returns the type of an iterator to the first element of `Seq`.

/sequence/intrinsic/begin.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __vector__<int> vec;
    typedef __result_of_begin__<vec>::type it;
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((boost::is_same<__result_of_deref__<it>::type, int&>))

[endsect]

[section end]

[heading Description]
Returns the result type of __end__.

[heading Synopsis]
    template<typename Seq>
    struct end
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::end<Seq>::type

[*Return type]: A model of the same traversal concept as `Seq`.

[*Semantics]: Returns the type of an iterator one past the end of `Seq`.

/sequence/intrinsic/end.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __vector__<int> vec;
    typedef __result_of_prior__<__result_of_end__<vec>::type>::type first;
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((__result_of_equal_to__<first, __result_of_begin__<vec>::type>))

[endsect]

[section empty]

[heading Description]
Returns the result type of __empty__.

[heading Synopsis]
    template<typename Seq>
    struct empty
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::empty<Seq>::type

[*Return type]: An __mpl_integral_constant__

[*Semantics]: Returns `mpl::true_` if `Seq` has zero elements, `mpl::false_` otherwise.

/sequence/intrinsic/empty.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __vector__<> empty_vec;
    typedef __vector__<int,float,char> vec;

    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((__result_of_empty__<empty_vec>));
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT_NOT((__result_of_empty__<vec>));

[endsect]

[section front]

[heading Description]
Returns the result type of __front__.

[heading Synopsis]
    template<typename Seq>
    struct front
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::front<Seq>::type

[*Return type]: Any type

[*Semantics]: The type returned by dereferencing an iterator to the first element in `Seq`. Equivalent to `__result_of_deref__<__result_of_begin__<Seq>::type>::type`.

/sequence/intrinsic/front.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __vector__<int,char> vec;
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((boost::is_same<__result_of_front__<vec>::type, int&>));

[endsect]

[section back]

[heading Description]
Returns the result type of __back__.

[heading Synopsis]
    template<typename Seq>
    struct back
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::back<Seq>::type

[*Return type]:  Any type

[*Semantics]: The type returned by dereferencing an iterator to the last element in the sequence. Equivalent to `__result_of_deref__<__result_of_prior__<__result_of_end__<Seq>::type>::type>::type`.

/sequence/intrinsic/back.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __vector__<int,char> vec;
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((boost::is_same<__result_of_back__<vec>::type, char&>));

[endsect]

[section size]

[heading Description]
Returns the result type of __size__.

[heading Synopsis]
    template<typename Seq>
    struct size
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::size<Seq>::type

[*Return type]: An __mpl_integral_constant__.

[*Semantics]: Returns the number of elements in `Seq`.

/sequence/intrinsic/size.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __vector__<int,float,char> vec;
    typedef __result_of_size__<vec>::type size_mpl_integral_constant;
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT_RELATION(size_mpl_integral_constant::value, ==, 3);

[endsect]

[section at]

[heading Description]

Returns the result type of __at__[footnote __result_of_at__ reflects the
actual return type of the function __at__. __sequence__(s) typically return
references to its elements via the __at__ function. If you want to get
the actual element type, use __result_of_value_at__].

[heading Synopsis]
    template<
        typename Seq,
        typename N>
    struct at
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
    [[`N`][An __mpl_integral_constant__][Index of element]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::at<Seq, N>::type

[*Return type]: Any type.

[*Semantics]: Returns the result type of using __at__ to access the `N`th element of `Seq`.

/sequence/intrinsic/at.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __vector__<int,float,char> vec;
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((boost::is_same<__result_of_at__<vec, boost::mpl::int_<1> >::type, float&>));

[endsect]

[section at_c]

[heading Description]

Returns the result type of __at_c__[footnote __result_of_at_c__ reflects
the actual return type of the function __at_c__. __sequence__(s) typically
return references to its elements via the __at_c__ function. If you want to
get the actual element type, use __result_of_value_at_c__].

[heading Synopsis]
    template<
        typename Seq,
        int M>
    struct at_c
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
    [[`M`][Positive integer index][Index of element]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::at_c<Seq, M>::type

[*Return type]: Any type

[*Semantics]: Returns the result type of using __at_c__ to access the `M`th element of `Seq`.

/sequence/intrinsic/at.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __vector__<int,float,char> vec;
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((boost::is_same<__result_of_at_c__<vec, 1>::type, float&>));

[endsect]

[section value_at]

[heading Description]

Returns the actual type at a given index from the __sequence__.

[heading Synopsis]
    template<
        typename Seq,
        typename N>
    struct value_at
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
    [[`N`][An __mpl_integral_constant__][Index of element]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::value_at<Seq, N>::type

[*Return type]: Any type.

[*Semantics]: Returns the actual type at the `N`th element of `Seq`.

/sequence/intrinsic/value_at.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __vector__<int,float,char> vec;
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((boost::is_same<__result_of_value_at__<vec, boost::mpl::int_<1> >::type, float>));

[endsect]

[section value_at_c]

[heading Description]

Returns the actual type at a given index from the __sequence__.

[heading Synopsis]
    template<
        typename Seq,
        int M>
    struct value_at_c
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
    [[`M`][Positive integer index][Index of element]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::value_at_c<Seq, M>::type

[*Return type]: Any type

[*Semantics]: Returns the actual type at the `M`th element of `Seq`.

/sequence/intrinsic/value_at.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __vector__<int,float,char> vec;
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((boost::is_same<__result_of_value_at_c__<vec, 1>::type, float>));

[endsect]

[section has_key]

[heading Description]
Returns the result type of __has_key__.

[heading Synopsis]
    template<
        typename Seq,
        typename Key>
    struct has_key
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
    [[`Key`][Any type][Key type]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::has_key<Seq, Key>::type

[*Return type]: An __mpl_integral_constant__.

[*Semantics]: Returns `mpl::true_` if `Seq` contains an element with key type `Key`, returns `mpl::false_` otherwise.

/sequence/intrinsic/has_key.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __map__<__pair__<int, char>, __pair__<char, char>, __pair__<double, char> > mymap;
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((__result_of_has_key__<mymap, int>));
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT_NOT((__result_of_has_key__<mymap, void*>));

[endsect]

[section at_key]

[heading Description]

Returns the result type of __at_key__[footnote __result_of_at_key__
reflects the actual return type of the function __at_key__. __sequence__s
typically return references to its elements via the __at_key__ function. If
you want to get the actual element type, use __result_of_value_at_key__].

[heading Synopsis]
    template<
        typename Seq,
        typename Key>
    struct at_key
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
    [[`Key`][Any type][Key type]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::at_key<Seq, Key>::type

[*Return type]: Any type.

[*Semantics]: Returns the result of using __at_key__ to access the element with key type `Key` in `Seq`.

/sequence/intrinsic/at_key.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __map__<__pair__<int, char>, __pair__<char, char>, __pair__<double, char> > mymap;
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((boost::is_same<__result_of_at_key__<mymap, int>::type, char&>));

[endsect]

[section value_at_key]

[heading Description]
Returns the actual element type associated with a Key from the __sequence__.

[heading Synopsis]
    template<
        typename Seq,
        typename Key>
    struct value_at_key
    {
        typedef __unspecified__ type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq`][A model of __forward_sequence__][Argument sequence]]
    [[`Key`][Any type][Key type]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::value_at_key<Seq, Key>::type

[*Return type]: Any type.

[*Semantics]: Returns the actual element type associated with key type
`Key` in `Seq`.

/sequence/intrinsic/value_at_key.hpp>

[heading Example]
    typedef __map__<__pair__<int, char>, __pair__<char, char>, __pair__<double, char> > mymap;
    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((boost::is_same<__result_of_at_key__<mymap, int>::type, char>));

[endsect]

[section swap]

[heading Description]
Returns the return type of swap.

[heading Synopsis]
    template<typename Seq1, typename Seq2>
    struct swap
    {
        typedef void type;
    };

[table Parameters
    [[Parameters]    [Requirement]   [Description]]
    [[`Seq1`, `Seq2`][Models of __forward_sequence__][The sequences being swapped]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]
    result_of::swap<Seq1, Seq2>::type

[*Return type]: `void`.

[*Semantics]: Always returns `void`.

/sequence/intrinsic/swap.hpp>

[endsect]

[endsect]

[endsect]

[section Operator]

These operators, like the __algorithms__, work generically on all Fusion
sequences. All conforming Fusion sequences automatically get these
operators for free.

[section I/O]

The I/O operators: `<<` and `>>` work generically on all Fusion sequences.
The global `operator<<` has been overloaded for generic output streams such
that __sequence__(s) are output by recursively calling `operator<<` for each
element. Analogously, the global `operator>>` has been overloaded to
extract __sequence__(s) from generic input streams by recursively calling
`operator>>` for each element.

The default delimiter between the elements is space, and the __sequence__
is enclosed in parenthesis. For Example:

    __vector__<float, int, std::string> a(1.0f, 2, std::string("Howdy folks!");
    cout << a;

outputs the __vector__ as: (1.0 2 Howdy folks!)

The library defines three manipulators for changing the default behavior:

[variablelist Manipulators
    [[`tuple_open(arg)`]        [Defines the character that is output before the first element.]]
    [[`tuple_close(arg)`]       [Defines the character that is output after the last element.]]
    [[`tuple_delimiter(arg)`]   [Defines the delimiter character between elements.]]
]

The argument to `tuple_open`, `tuple_close` and `tuple_delimiter` may be a
`char`, `wchar_t`, a C-string, or a wide C-string.

Example:

    std::cout << tuple_open('[') << tuple_close(']') << tuple_delimiter(", ") << a;

outputs the same __vector__, `a` as: [1.0, 2, Howdy folks!]

The same manipulators work with `operator>>` and `istream` as well. Suppose
the `std::cin` stream contains the following data:

    (1 2 3) [4:5]

The code:

    __vector__<int, int, int> i;
    __vector__<int, int> j;

    std::cin >> i;
    std::cin >> set_open('[') >> set_close(']') >> set_delimiter(':');
    std::cin >> j;

reads the data into the __vector__(s) `i` and `j`.

Note that extracting __sequence__(s) with `std::string` or C-style string
elements does not generally work, since the streamed __sequence__
representation may not be unambiguously parseable.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/io.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/io.hpp>

[section in]

[heading Description]

Read a __sequence__ from an input stream.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename IStream, typename Sequence>
    IStream&
    operator>>(IStream& is, Sequence& seq);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]           [Description]]
    [[is]           [An input stream.]      [Stream to extract information from.]]
    [[seq]          [A __sequence__.]       [The sequence to read.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    is >> seq

[*Return type]: IStream&

[*Semantics]: For each element, `e`, in sequence, `seq`, call `is >> e`.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/io/in.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/in.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, std::string, char> v;
    std::cin >> v;

[endsect]

[section out]

[heading Description]

Write a __sequence__ to an output stream.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename OStream, typename Sequence>
    OStream&
    operator<<(OStream& os, Sequence& seq);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]           [Description]]
    [[os]           [An output stream.]     [Stream to write information to.]]
    [[seq]          [A __sequence__.]       [The sequence to write.]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    os << seq

[*Return type]: OStream&

[*Semantics]: For each element, `e`, in sequence, `seq`, call `os << e`.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/io/out.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/out.hpp>

[heading Example]

    std::cout << __make_vector__(123, "Hello", 'x') << std::endl;

[endsect]

[endsect]

[section Comparison]

The Comparison operators: `==`, `!=`, `<`, `<=`, `>=` and `>=` work
generically on all Fusion sequences. Comparison operators are "short-
circuited": elementary comparisons start from the first elements and are
performed only until the result is clear.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/comparison.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/comparison.hpp>

[section equal]

[heading Description]

Compare two sequences for equality.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Seq1, typename Seq2>
    bool
    operator==(Seq1 const& a, Seq2 const& b);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                       [Description]]
    [[`a, b`]       [Instances of __sequence__]         [__sequence__(s) to compare]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    a == b

[*Return type]: `bool`

[*Requirements]:

For each element, `e1`, in  sequence `a`, and for each element, `e2`, in
sequence `b`, `a == b` is a valid expression returning a type that is
convertible to bool.

An attempt to compare two Sequences of different lengths results in a
compile time error.

[*Semantics]:

For each element, `e1`, in  sequence `a`, and for each element, `e2`, in
sequence `b`, `e1 == e2` returns true. For any 2 zero length __sequence__s,
e and f, e == f  returns true.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/comparison/equal_to.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/equal_to.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, char> v1(5, 'a');
    __vector__<int, char> v2(5, 'a');
    assert(v1 == v2);

[endsect]

[section not equal]

Compare two sequences for inequality.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Seq1, typename Seq2>
    bool
    operator!=(Seq1 const& a, Seq2 const& b);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                       [Description]]
    [[`a, b`]       [Instances of __sequence__]         [__sequence__(s) to compare]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    a != b

[*Return type]: `bool`

[*Requirements]:

For each element, `e1`, in  sequence `a`, and for each element, `e2`, in
sequence `b`, `a == b` is a valid expression returning a type that is
convertible to bool.

An attempt to compare two Sequences of different lengths results in a
compile time error.

[*Semantics]:

Returns !(a == b).

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/comparison/not_equal_to.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/not_equal_to.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, char> v3(5, 'b');
    __vector__<int, char> t4(2, 'a');
    assert(v1 != v3);
    assert(v1 != t4);
    assert(!(v1 != v2));

[endsect]

[section less than]

Lexicographically compare two sequences.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Seq1, typename Seq2>
    bool
    operator<(Seq1 const& a, Seq2 const& b);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                       [Description]]
    [[`a, b`]       [Instances of __sequence__]         [__sequence__(s) to compare]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    a < b

[*Return type]: `bool`

[*Requirements]:

For each element, `e1`, in  sequence `a`, and for each element, `e2`, in
sequence `b`, `a < b` is a valid expression returning a type that is
convertible to bool.

An attempt to compare two Sequences of different lengths results in a
compile time error.

[*Semantics]: Returns the lexicographical comparison of between `a` and `b`.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/comparison/less.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/less.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, float> v1(4, 3.3f);
    __vector__<short, float> v2(5, 3.3f);
    __vector__<long, double> v3(5, 4.4);
    assert(v1 < v2);
    assert(v2 < v3);

[endsect]

[section less than equal]

Lexicographically compare two sequences.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Seq1, typename Seq2>
    bool
    operator<=(Seq1 const& a, Seq2 const& b);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                       [Description]]
    [[`a, b`]       [Instances of __sequence__]         [__sequence__(s) to compare]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    a <= b

[*Return type]: `bool`

[*Requirements]:

For each element, `e1`, in  sequence `a`, and for each element, `e2`, in
sequence `b`, `a < b` is a valid expression returning a type that is
convertible to bool.

An attempt to compare two Sequences of different lengths results in a
compile time error.

[*Semantics]: Returns !(b < a).

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/comparison/less_equal.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/less_equal.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, float> v1(4, 3.3f);
    __vector__<short, float> v2(5, 3.3f);
    __vector__<long, double> v3(5, 4.4);
    assert(v1 <= v2);
    assert(v2 <= v3);

[endsect]

[section greater than]

Lexicographically compare two sequences.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Seq1, typename Seq2>
    bool
    operator>(Seq1 const& a, Seq2 const& b);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                       [Description]]
    [[`a, b`]       [Instances of __sequence__]         [__sequence__(s) to compare]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    a > b

[*Return type]: `bool`

[*Requirements]:

For each element, `e1`, in  sequence `a`, and for each element, `e2`, in
sequence `b`, `a < b` is a valid expression returning a type that is
convertible to bool.

An attempt to compare two Sequences of different lengths results in a
compile time error.

[*Semantics]: Returns b < a.

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/comparison/less_equal.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/less_equal.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, float> v1(4, 3.3f);
    __vector__<short, float> v2(5, 3.3f);
    __vector__<long, double> v3(5, 4.4);
    assert(v2 > v1);
    assert(v3 > v2);

[endsect]

[section greater than equal]

Lexicographically compare two sequences.

[heading Synopsis]

    template <typename Seq1, typename Seq2>
    bool
    operator>=(Seq1 const& a, Seq2 const& b);

[heading Parameters]

[table
    [[Parameter]    [Requirement]                       [Description]]
    [[`a, b`]       [Instances of __sequence__]         [__sequence__(s) to compare]]
]

[heading Expression Semantics]

    a >= b

[*Return type]: `bool`

[*Requirements]:

For each element, `e1`, in  sequence `a`, and for each element, `e2`, in
sequence `b`, `a < b` is a valid expression returning a type that is
convertible to bool.

An attempt to compare two Sequences of different lengths results in a
compile time error.

[*Semantics]: Returns !(a < b).

[heading Header]

    #include <boost/fusion/sequence/comparison/greater_equal.hpp>
    #include <boost/fusion/include/greater_equal.hpp>

[heading Example]

    __vector__<int, float> v1(4, 3.3f);
    __vector__<short, float> v2(5, 3.3f);
    __vector__<long, double> v3(5, 4.4);
    assert(v2 >= v1);
    assert(v3 >= v2);

[endsect]

[endsect]

[endsect]

[endsect]

